Was the Second Republic always destined to loose the war conflict in Research Paper

Was the Second Republic consistently bound to free the war strife in the Spanish Civil War - Research Paper Example The Spanish common war began with a military transformation. The long history of intercession of military force and control in Spain has influenced the political existence of the nation to extraordinary degree. The upset of seventeenth July of 1936 turned into an extraordinary one and utilized old instruments to roll out critical political improvements in the nation. Josã © Sanjurjo was the pioneer of that time Spanish Republic. A gathering of commanders who were under the administration of Josã © Sanjurjo began the war through assertion of restriction. This restriction was announced against the legislature, against the President of that time Manuel Azaã ±a. A few traditionalist gatherings (generally significant of these gatherings were Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right) have upheld this overthrow and made the upset a critical transformation in the nation. This unrest was the war between the new and the old. The war was against the law based legislature of Spain which was administering the nation during 1930s. The war reached a conclusion with the triumph of the Nationalists, all the more significantly traditionalist Nationalists. Along these lines the Second Spanish Republic reached a conclusion in the first April, 139 when they were crushed by moderate Nationalists . This paper is planned for portraying a basic setting of the loss of the Second Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War. It attempts to respond to the inquiry, â€Å"Was the Second Republic consistently bound to free the war strife in the Spanish Civil War?† The foundation of the Spanish Civil War: The Spanish Civil War was a war with respect to the upset of traditionalist patriots against the popularity based legislature of the nation. ... This upset was the war between the new and the old. The war was against the equitable administration of Spain which was administering the nation during 1930s. The war reached a conclusion with the triumph of the Nationalists, all the more critically moderate Nationalists. Along these lines the Second Spanish Republic reached a conclusion in the first April, 139 when they were crushed by traditionalist Nationalists1. This paper is planned for portraying a basic setting of the loss of the Second Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War. It attempts to respond to the inquiry, â€Å"Was the Second Republic consistently bound to free the war strife in the Spanish Civil War?† The foundation of the Spanish Civil War: The Spanish Civil War was a war as to the transformation of preservationist patriots against the fair legislature of the nation. The war started as military insurgency and afterward it turned into the unrest of each resident of the nation and made critical political cha nges in the nation. One of the most significant highlights of this change was the destruction of the law based administration of the nation and destruction of the Second Spanish Republic. At the hour of insurgency the nation was confronting a few inward clashes identified with political, social, social and furthermore to financial settings. Different little revolts were going on in the nation by reformists and traditionalist Nationalists. With the foundation of Spanish Constitution in 1812 the government of the antiquated system has been canceled. This change prompted the foundation of a perfect state with all the more ideologically built nature. After the production of the Spanish Constitution and previously

Life and Sorrow Essay

She collapsed her hands upon her chest, this four-year old offspring of mine and as her breathing turned out to be increasingly worked, implored as I drove her: â€Å"Jesus. You love little youngsters: help me!† that was at 12 PM on November 28, 1932. A couple of moments later, she had joined the holy messengers and left us in anguish that numbered all emotions. Be that as it may, t have since ascended from the profundities to which Sonia’s passing squashed me, and phoenix-like have left my dead cinders, to sing the charms that the demise of one so beyond a reasonable doubt adored can bring to the spirit. I have known the obscurity of incidental agonizing, yet I would abide most upon a battle with distress that has improved my temperament, which in any case, would have been stifled by the agony. Agony, I have acknowledged, is delightful just when one can ascend from its discouraging force. I have known the individuals who have gotten unpleasant and pessimistic under the lash of distress, and I have realized some who have never recouped from anguish. My experience is significant just so far as it might help other people towards development: it is useless to me in the event that it infers vanity. Sonia is, to me, as fantasy told or a verse half lost in extravagant, a sensitive tune uncelebrated. Had she developed into full womanhood, she may have gotten a learned person, for she was conscious and obvious in her language, exact in her thinking, and sharp in detecting subtleties which developed personalities about her couldn't acknowledge; at that point, I ought to have been everlastingly lost, the excitement of its verse never felt even in unclear proposals, and the sensitive songs never saw. As a companion recommended to me when distress was generally harsh: â€Å"you will consistently recollect her as a youngster. â€Å"How lovely I felt it was! What a wonderful things a man sees in such distress! What sharp and living verse! For little more than verse could give such inclination. In such a second explanation would have devastated me with perfect triumph; for on the off chance that I had attempted to clarify why God had grabbed away from me the things I adored best throughout everyday life, I would have permitted motivation to deny me of reason. Be that as it may, verse in the entirety of her grandness came cruising behind the dismal state of distress to show me the route to a progressively wonderful, all the more full and all the more almost flawless life. Sonia will in every case live in my memory as a kid who asks why the star sparkle in the sky and the downpour drops from paradise and the grass on the wayside: as a youngster who discover everything unadulterated and valid in her blameless eyes. I will glance in those eyes and see so much certainty and confidence when I feel that I am losing my own confidence and certainty I will draw from my memory of her a child’s energy forever, when my heart is overwhelming and my eyes diminish with age. This is my optimal, to see the entire existence with a brain mellowed by age, however a heart everlastingly youthful †insightful and glad! Days before she kicked the bucket, I had a hunch to her demise; however I excuse it, supporting myself with the idea that if something like this should happen - paradise restrict †I ought to maybe be compensated for turning into a valid, true and humble craftsman through the experiencing that would come such a stunning encounter. Without precedent for my life, turning into a craftsman out of nowhere lost in its opportunity. I would prefer to stay darken than lost its most noteworthy perfect work of art, created in my own blood, and clean by the best love that I was equipped for giving. Like the reeds in the waterway, I would prefer to keep my leaves and blossoms that be cut up by the incomparable Pan into the flute. The tune of the breeze was sufficient for me as I twisted musically with its blowing. I would reject the more noteworthy song of workmanship that demands to such an extent. In any case, when her hour came the cutting edge of death divide my heart, I felt as though I, as well, had kicked the bucket and a renewed person had developed, increasingly delightful, in light of the fact that scrub of all sharpness. How obvious it is as poor Oscar Wilde composed that, the â€Å"Pleasure is for the wonderful body, yet torment for the excellent soul.† But what expensive information this first. Experience has surely removed more than it has had the option to give. It has out of nowhere happened to me that the genuine craftsman is estimated by his capacity to use mishap in reproducing the spirit. I state, â€Å"recreating† Because workmanship is the entertainment of life an encounter, into that which sooths and praises the spirit; if a man with any aesthetic claims permits distress to annihilate him, he is a unimportant craftsman, unequipped for delivering anything of worth; for, the primary thing a craftsman must reproduce, before evident craftsmanship can be acknowledged, is his own spirit. Also, distress must pound, ere it can reshape the man in s form of magnificence. The reed more likely than not slice to pieces, and gaps drilled through it, before it can have created such enchantment tunes as their sound. The sun on slope neglected to pass on. What's more, the lilies resuscitated, and the dragonfly Returned to dream on the waterway. Before a craftsman can pleasantly harrow the hearts of others, his own must have kicked the bucket. There is a story recounted a driven artist who figured he would sing for the stupendous shows. He sang before a commended maestro who, in an aria from Rigoletto, roared out, â€Å"Enough! Enough! This will never do. Your heart has been broken!† In De profounds, Oscar Wilde, made the accompanying examination of distress in its start upon craftsmanship: Truth in the workmanship is simply the solidarity of a thing; the outward rendered expressive of the internal; the spirit made in bodily form; the body impulse with soul. Hence there is no fact tantamount with distress. There are times when distress appears to me to be the main truth. Different things might be fantasies of the eye or the craving, made to dazzle the one and satiate (exaggerate) the other, yet out of distress have the universes been constructed, and the introduction of a kid or a star there is pain.† Indeed, was it not Zeus’ head part open a hatchet that Athena may spring full developed from it? Other than sorrow’s intensity of bringing forth craftsmanship, there is another gift, which must come, with all workmanship and the entirety of misery? It is a perspective that hardens and fulfills, gets significant and perpetual; a genuine way of thinking of life and is along these lines, a creation, a craftsmanship itself, and not the insignificant appropriation of some amazing, recycled standpoint that demonstrates useless when scrutinized. Feeling that the lower types of rationale would be futile to me at the hour of my most profound distress, 1 moved toward life by the most elevated course, through â€Å"the most profound voice of human experience† religion. Promptly the following morning after Sonia’s passing, Gods hand settled upon my shoulders. On past events, the more proposal of her demise would drive me into envisioning an abrupt trip to some far off land. I knew not where, for a dark spot where I may neglect to kick the bucket. In any case, that morning, I felt unusually quiet. Not the remote shades of contemplated fleeing from my saddening family Goethe’s line: Who never ate his bread in distress? Who never spent the 12 PM hours-Weeping and hanging tight for the morrow He knows you not, ye eminent Powers. Lived inky memory I had eaten my bread in distress I had passed the correct sobbing and looking for a All the more unpleasant sunrise Also, felt the bit of the Spirit Upon my being I went to the sear of St. Ignatius in Intramuros where, lowered by distress, I looked for the Lords pardoning of the confession booth. I presented my Sonia, and furthermore my two different young men, and even my own life. In the event that He wanted to reclaim his own. The agnostic dissent that was flooding in my boson, I agonizingly controlled. It is diverse to surrender the things we hold dear on earth. Yet, when Sonia, whom I cherished best, had been offered up, to what could be surrendered, I felt that become liberal to unselfishness. I had stopped to discover trouble in surrendering my pride, and I was lowered; I had stopped to fear for my future, and I was no longer futile _ I surrendered all thoughts of distinction, and became myself. Be that as it may, I was better, I was destined to more prominent acknowledgment of truth, a more full sentiment of newness - my new way of thinking certainly has given me another feeling of qualities. The things I had held dear, in the same manner as others. I found to be a sparkling tinsel and void. We get ourselves simply after we have lost all that we hold dear in our fleeting home; we discover our spirit simply after we have stripped ourselves of all the flummery of the tissue. For in reality, how might we discover our spirits when we are enveloped with issue, so we can't give a stage, or put our hand, or lift up our eyes, however material things are about us, tailing us even to set up our fantasies. Individuals express something lovely to us, and thought it be yet â€Å"hot air†, it is sufficient to puff us up. We would take care of our spirits upon vanity, and know not it is Barmecides feast. Might we be able to strip ourselves of pride and vanity, things would fall over into their appropriate spots, and we should see the concealed amicability of creation, and piece through the things that by itself are seen of the world to those that are inconspicuous, setting no store be these intriguing shadows, ever before when they disintegrate away and disappear into nothing, as common things must, at some point or another. The Worldly Hope men set their hearts upon Turn cinders †or it succeeds; and anon Like snow upon the Desert’s dim Face, Lightning a little hour or two †was gone. The peak in this terrific rise of distress is the flawlessness of Reality when in snapshots of crushing anguish, my being appeared expended. I attempted to beguile myself by imagining that it was each of the a fantasy and would wake up to discover Sonia’s demise a simple extravagant, the power hallucination would consistently disappear and a more up to date, progressively striking, all the more persuading, increasingly perpetual if excruciating acknowledgment would uncover to me that the entire of human experience this side of time everlasting is only a fantasy which with death, at long last goes to an enlivening to the main reality expected by the Maker of Life. I am persuaded that life in this impermanent home is an obscure and hopeless dream, a bad dream in

How to Avoid Weight Gain When You Quit Smoking

How to Avoid Weight Gain When You Quit Smoking Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit Print How to Avoid Weight Gain When You Quit Smoking By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on January 04, 2020 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on February 17, 2020 Mint Images / Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Statistics tell us that most people who quit smoking gain some weight initially. On average, that gain is between 5 to 10 pounds. And for a lot of folks, it is temporary and falls back off within the first year of smoking cessation.?? For some of us, however, the weight gained stays put and/or grows. Reasons for this can include things like a slowing metabolism due smoking cessation or menopause, but most often it is really only about eating more calories in the course of a day than you did as a smoker. If you havent quit smoking yet, take a little time to stock your kitchen with healthy snacks and think about what youll do to stay on track with food once you stop smoking.  A little preparation can go a long way toward helping you avoid the need to invest in a larger wardrobe to fit your new, nonsmoking self. Set Realistic Goals Perhaps the easiest way to keep your head above water with cessation and weight control is to avoid overloading yourself with too many expectations.?? Smoking cessation, while far from impossible, is hard work for most of us early on. Starting a new diet at the same time that you quit smoking is a lot to juggle. What Should You Do Before You Stop Smoking? Many folks get energized by quitting tobacco and decide to tackle other challenges they have in life at the same time. When this happens, it can be hard to do everything and eventually, everything suffers. We suffer a smoking relapse and usually go back to poor eating habits. Just focus on maintaining your current weight while you manage nicotine withdrawal and the months beyond it. Once youre comfortable with your smoke-free status, you can turn your attention to shedding any extra weight youre carrying. How You Can Survive Nicotine Withdrawal and Stay Away From Cigarettes Why Food Becomes a Substitute for Smoking For new  ex-smokers, food often takes on a new importance that can quickly become an unhealthy obsession if were not careful. Why? In part, it has to do with needing a substitute for the act of smoking. The act of eating is an easy replacement for the act of smoking. Smokers have a powerful hand-to-mouth association and eating is a hand-to-mouth activity. But also, food simply tastes better without cigarette tar clogging delicate taste buds on our tongues. Its not uncommon for ex-smokers to note that some foods taste entirely different than they did when they smoked. And then there is the fact that food signals comfort for many of us.  That sense of comfort comes for a dopamine rush in the brain, which happens to be the same mechanism for smoking enjoyment.?? Researchers believe dopamine is a key factor in addiction, be it to nicotine, food, alcohol or other addictive substances.  Its no wonder then that we reach for food when craving a smoke.?? The Truth About Smoking Pleasure While we cannot stop eating like weve  stopped smoking, we can make choices that will help us avoid weight gain and even enhance how we feel physically.?? A diet rich in nutrients helps us to be at our physical and emotional best, which, in turn, makes it easier to maintain the daily effort that is necessary  during the first months of smoking cessation.?? Use the tips below to help you start thinking creatively about how to use food as a tool for good health rather than a replacement for smoking. 10 Tips for Minimizing Quit-Related Weight Gain Pay attention to portions: Downsize serving sizes: Use a lunch-size plate rather than a dinner plate, and stop after one plate full.Read labels: Aim for foods low in fat and high in protein and fiber. And speaking of portion sizes, be sure to check packaged food labels for portion sizes as well.Keep temptation out of the house: If its not there, you cant eat it. Stock the fridge and cupboards with healthy food choices so that when the urge to snack strikes, the right foods are within easy reach.Indulge your sweet tooth at a restaurant: Dont allow a half-gallon of ice cream shelf space in your freezer. Instead, head out to the ice cream parlor when youre in the mood for a sundae. Doing this safeguards against going back for another scoop, or worse, another bowl later on.Drink plenty of water: If you have the urge to snack, drink a glass of water first. It will help fill you up.  You  will eat less and also beat cravings to smoke.Think 80/20: If 80% of the meals and snacks you eat on a given day are healthy and in the right portions, you can allow yourself a few treats with the other 20% without throwing your diet out of whack.Eat more often: Try eating 5 or 6 small meals throughout your day. The urge to snack is intense early on in cessation, so snack-size meals may suit your needs perfectly. And the good news is, small meals every few hours could give your metabolism a boost. Just watch your calories and keep the total for the day within the correct range for your body.Go for a walk: Exercise will help you avoid weight gain. As little as a half-hour walk a day can be enough to help you keep your weight stable, as long as youre eating well too. And exercise improves mood too, a nice fringe benefit.??Distract yourself: Boredom is a big trigger for smoking and for eating. Make an abrupt change in what youre doing and you can distract yourself away from mindless snacking.Find some support: Online forums can be a great supportive community of people who are working to quit smoking. Stop in and browse the message board of this active group as a guest, or register (free) and join the discussion. Dont Romance the Cigarette Early smoking cessation is an awkward, uncomfortable state for most of us. Add weight gain into the equation and were ripe for a bad case of junkie thinking. How to Beat Junkie Thinking During Nicotine Withdrawal Dont be tempted to return to smoking as a means to control your weight. If you do, youll learn a hard lesson.  Youll be a smoker who needs to quit and lose weight because the pounds wont  magically melt away because youre smoking again. Dig your heels in and focus on losing your addiction to nicotine first and the weight second. Once youre comfortable in your nonsmoking skin, youll be better equipped to apply your time and energy toward losing weight successfully. And speaking of success, there is absolutely nothing better for a persons self-confidence and ability to tackle challenges effectively than succeeding at smoking cessation. Smoking Kills, Plain and Simple Do what you need to do to boot this addiction out of your life now. If that means you gain a few pounds in the process, so be it. Weight can always be lost later, but your precious and irreplaceable health cannot. What Smoking Does to Your Metabolism

The Function Of Human Resource Development - 1900 Words

opment - Is this an element of Corporate Social Responsibility or should it be left to the individual autonomy? The function of human resource development (HRD) is fundamentally connected to individual and organisational development. As a result of this fundamental connection, it is ultimately human resource development (HRD) units in organisations that are well positioned to help develop an understanding and implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. The purpose of this literature review will be to examine the definition of CSR and the role of HRD in organisations. In considering the function of HRD in response to CSR, there is much inconsistency and debate in defining what exactly constitutes socially responsible practice. The reason for this is corporate social responsibility (CSR) practice occurs in different contexts and is dependent on perceptions to the individual. Ultimately there are gaps in literature, which occur as a result of key problems in defining what CSR is to organisations and the role of HRD professionals. There is much inconsistency and debate in defining what exactly constitutes socially responsible practice. The issue of HRD and it’s impact in relation to CSR has been brought to light by the emergence of increased awareness both of the power of corporations in the global economy, and of some of the negative repercussions of global economic activity (Wilcox 2006). This paper will consider the definition of CSR and the role ofShow MoreRelatedFunctions Of Human Resource Management1632 Words   |  7 Pages Primary function human resource management can divide into primary and secondary function primary function is directly involved with obtaining, maintaining and developing employee. Primary function included human resource planning, equal employment opportunity, staffing, recruitment, and selection. 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Human resource managers don’t directlyRead MoreThe Relationship Between Human Resource Management and Human Resource Development976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Relationship Between Human Resource Management and Human Resource Development Diana Williams National American University Understanding the Relationship Between Human Resource Management and Human Resource Development Human resource management (HRM) is the umbrella under which all other human resource activities are found. Some of the major activities under the umbrella are: benefits and compensation, health safety and security, human resource planning, staffing, equal employmentRead MoreHuman Resource Development : Hrd1607 Words   |  7 PagesHuman resource development well known as HRD, is a rough draft for helping employees mature their individual and organizational skills, knowledge, and abilities. Human Resource Development contains many opportunities for â€Å"employee training, employee career development, performance management and development, coaching, mentoring, succession planning, key employee identification, tuition assistance, and organization development.† Human resources take the part of a vital role in developing a business’sRead MoreHuman Resource Management : An Optimizing Role For Shaping Organizational And Employee Behavior Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesT he primary function of Human Resource Management is increasing the effectiveness and contribution of employees in the attainment of organization’s goals and objectives. For attaining the goals of the organization, the employees need to work effectively and perform at their best. To get appropriate outcome, the human resource department considers aspects like, equal employment opportunity, affirmative action, human resource planning, recruitment and selection, human resource development, compensation

Role of Students in Ani-Corruption of Society - 793 Words

Our Indian poet Bharathi has told clearly the role of young students in our Indian society and about their patriotism and social service. In our life student phase is very difficult to get back. So at this this stage of life students must not waste their precious time and they must involve in social activities. Students must join in many organizations such as Blue cross society. They must have helping tendency and must be patriotic and must try their level best to bring up our country. Students must be mainly Disciplined in all aspects. Discipline is greater than anyother thing in life. It makes our life cherished with all good moments filled up in it.Our ancient poet Thiruvalluvar has told a lot about Discipline.To quote few examples:†¦show more content†¦Fourthly, to do what they can to protect their environment and society. Students should avoid littering places and should try to invest a few hours into community services if possible. Students should also behave respectfully to the elders of the society and take care of their needs i.e. help an elder to cross a road; stand up and make space for an elder to sit if there is none. Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_role_of_student_in_the_society#ixzz1UoC7BOVm ROLE OF STUDENTS IN FREE INDIA The students must actively participate in the economic development of the country. The ‘Green Revolution’ if taken up by the students can work miracles. Even in the towns students can do much. They can. for instance, fight against ticketless travelling in trains and buses, fight against smuggling, illicit distillation of liquor, and indeed can contribute a great a deal towards social reforms. ORIENTATION STUDENT: Students must be given military training. It shall keep them fit and strong to defend the country against aggression. Military training is essential for it imparts a sense of discipline which otherwise is also essential in life. Moreover, the youth of the nation must not only be able to resist an attack but also strike a blow when the honour of the nation is trampled upon. The sense of patriotism and love for the country must be inculcated in the students. The glamorousShow MoreRelatedHottest Issues of the Philippines 20102824 Words   |  12 Pagesgreatly increase the competencies and skills of the students thus making them more employable after graduation,† Lacson said. Donald Dee, Vice Chairman of PCCI and former member of the Presidential Task Force for Education, noted the need to support the K-12 program with adequate educational infrastructure which include more classrooms, reading materials and improved quality of teaching personnel to develop the technical skills of the students that will enable them land in jobs that match their technicalRead MoreSocial Structure Of A Social Institution3100 Words   |  13 Pagesand mechanisms of social order and cooperation governing the behavior of a set of individuals within a given human collectivity. A set of organized beliefs, rules, and practices that establishes how a society will attempt to meet basic needs. A socially approved system of values, norms, and roles that exists to accomplish specific societal goals. According to Marx, Social institutions are determined by their society’s mode of production.Social institutions serve to hold the ability of the dominantRead MoreThe Accounting Profession and Nat39077 Words   |  157 PagesEffect of Audit on Corporate Sustainability, Growth and Development; Accounting and Nation Building; The Role of Accountants in the Attainment of Banking Sector Consolidation Objectives in Nigeria; The Use of Ratios in Financial Analysis and Prediction of Financial Crisis; The Relationship and Problems of Auditors in a Joint Audit Exercise: A Survey of Ten Audit Companies in Nigeria; Accountants Role in Investing in Stocks and Shares in the Capital Market; The Undisclosed Facts on Exempted Value AddedRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesthe macrocosm. Though at first there are only reminiscences of the lhwà ¢n al-Safà ¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, we soon find whole pages together which are identical with that work, and, in part, with the work edited by Goldziher as Th e Book of the Essence of the Soul (Kità ¢b ma`à ¢nà ® al-nafs) (pp.42-46). The human being as he is actually found on earth is shown to depend from his idea, the universal man, and this dependence is illustrated by a succession of hypostases (pp.47-50). Numerous single echoes of Neo-Platonic and pseudo-Empedoclean

World War I and the War in Iraq Free Essays

World War I was the great armed conflict of 1914-18. Until World War II, it was often called the Great War because it was the most destructive and widespread war the world had ever seen. Wold War I began as a local conflict over a minor issue. We will write a custom essay sample on World War I and the War in Iraq or any similar topic only for you Order Now Eventually it engulfed much of Europe and drew in, directly or indirectly, the entire major powers of the world. The first declaration of war was made by Austria-Hungary against Serbia (now part of Yugoslavia) on July 28, 1914. Before the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, 28 nations (counting the British Empire as one nation) were directly engaged in the conflict (Roth, pp. 216-218/ 2003). On one side were France, Belgium, the British Empire, Russia, and Serbia; and, later, Japan, Italy, the United States, and 16 other countries. They were called the Allied and Associated Powers, or the Allies. The opposing side consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire (Turkey, and Bulgaria. They were known as the Central Powers. After the war, there were reduced to small separate states and Czechoslovakia was created from Austro-Hungarian territory in Central Europe. The Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (which became Yugoslavia in 1929) was established, comprising Austro-Hungarian lands in the Balkans and the kingdoms of Serbia and Montenegro. Poland, which had been partitioned among the Germans, Austrians, and Russians in the 18th century, was re-established along its historical borders (Brook-Shepard, pp. 64-67/ 2002). Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were freed from Russian domination. In the Middle East, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, Hejaz, (a territory within modern Saudi Arabia), Transjordan (modern Jordan), and Palestine were carved out of the Ottoman Empire. France’s quick defeat in World War II has been attributed, at least in part, to the devastation it suffered in World War I. The vast system of overseas holdings of Great Britain began to change from an empire to a commonwealth. The war was at least partly responsible for the success of the Russian revolution and the rise of Communism. The United States, after the war, its first experience of being involved in European affairs, declined to take a role as a world leader and retreated into isolationism, refusing to join the League of Nations (Robbins, pp. 161-164/ 2004). Many people thought of World War I as â€Å"the war to end all wars,† fought â€Å"to make the world safe for democracy. † Because of an overly harsh peace treaty, the weakness of the League of Nations, a worldwide economic depression, and the rise of fascism, the war had the opposite effect. It made the Second World War almost inevitable. About four years ago, on the 20th of March 2003, a multinational military force marched in to Iraq. More than 40 countries joined in together to form a coalition force, with the US providing the most number of invading forces to oust Saddam Hussein’s regime. Amidst protests and anti-war campaigns around the world, the coalition force led by the United States and United Kingdom — plunged in to the Iraq War. Official statements given by U. S. President George W. Bush’s administration, as to the reasons for the invasion, were primarily to: †¢ remove Iraq’s alleged production and accumulation of weapons of mass destruction †¢ stop Saddam Hussein’s support on terrorist activities †¢ give freedom to the Iraqi people from Saddam’s reign of terror (â€Å"President Discusses Beginning of Operation Iraqi Freedom†) Due to the unpopularity of the government’s decision and the subsequent turn of events, the public continuous to give other speculations as to why the invasion had to be done. In U. K. initial public support was mainly based on the issue that Britain had a moral case to uphold in behalf of other nations (â€Å"Moral Case for Iraq War, Key to Initial UK Support†). But those that consider the possible long-term damage concerning their country’s welfare believed the need to refrain from getting involved: that it might eventually endanger civilian lives in case of retaliation by terrorist groups, and the economic cost of war. After the military attack on Iraqi soil, evidence to support the Bush government’s justification for the invasion was still lacking, insufficient, and vague. Had the purported danger been present, it would not have taken only 21 days to topple down Saddam’s government with minimal loss on the coalition’s forces. Saddam’s Soviet-built armaments were ill-equipped and no match for the invading forces, disproving the US claim. For most, it did succeed to eliminate Saddam, but nevertheless, failed to eliminate the problem in Iraq or helped the plight of the Iraqis, who now have to contend with not one but many oppressive guerilla-group factions that try to rule in Iraq. How to cite World War I and the War in Iraq, Essays

Web Site Development Essays - Optometry, Corrective Lenses, Lens

Web Site Development I propose to develop a web site for anyone in the sunglass, contact lens, colored contact lens or laser vision correction market. The most important features included in this site must be: savings, convenience and top quality products. It is necessary to tie all aspects of the site together smoothly. By this I mean the shopper must have the ability to purchase at any point In the site, as well as the ability to get anywhere from anywhere. We must outline our available products and services in such a way as to make it a "No Brainer" for anyone. Our available products must be outlined from the onset. If vendors need to be contacted to develop a wholesale relationship then this must be taken care of as soon as possible. We must assess which products will maximize our profit, which will maximize our marketability and which are just of necessity to carry. We must develop a database of products and maintain prices, additions and subtractions accordingly. One service I had in mind was to develop a free service for anyone interested in laser vision correction. We can develop an application where the patient inputs his/her doctor's written Rx or their contact lens box/bottle prescription, and we can take this information and develop a sort of internet merge letter. By this I mean, we can send them an email response as to their current eye condition, the best suited surgical procedure for their condition, history of other's w/ their Rx & results and maybe even doctors in their area. I understand this might take away from the promotion of INSIGHT, but remember, anything free ? keeps em' coming back!! This will more marketing tool to draw people in, rather than a service. Also, some production company or another could be contracted out to develop videos which we could sell to candidates, doctors, surgeons, etc... Dr. Sopher could develop a video directed to practicing optometrists interested in sales techniques in the examination room.

Science Terms and Definitions You Should Know

Science Terms and Definitions You Should Know Scientific experiments involve variables, controls, a hypothesis, and a host of other concepts and terms that may be confusing. This is a glossary of important science experiment terms and definitions. Glossary of Science Terms Central Limit Theorem: states that with a large enough sample, the sample mean will be normally distributed. A normally distributed sample mean is necessary to apply the t test, so if you are planning to perform a statistical analysis of experimental data, its important to have a sufficiently large sample. Conclusion: determination of whether the hypothesis should be accepted or rejected. Control Group: test subjects randomly assigned to not receive the experimental treatment. Control Variable: any variable that does not change during an experiment. Also known as constant variable Data:  (singular: datum) facts, numbers, or values obtained in an experiment. Dependent Variable: the variable that responds to the independent variable. The dependent variable is the one being measured in the experiment. Also known as the dependent measure, responding variable double-blind: neither the researcher nor the subject knows whether the subject is receiving the treatment or a placebo. Blinding helps reduce biased results. Empty Control Group: a type of control group which does not receive any treatment, including a placebo. Experimental Group: test subjects randomly assigned to receive the experimental treatment. Extraneous Variable: extra variables (not the independent, dependent, or control variable) that may influence an experiment, but are not accounted for or measured or are beyond control. Examples may include factors you consider unimportant at the time of  an experiment, such as the manufacturer of the glassware in a reaction or the color of paper used to make a paper airplane. Hypothesis: a prediction of whether the independent variable will have an effect on the dependent variable or a prediction of the nature of the effect.   Independence  or  Independently:  means one factor does not exert influence on another. For example, what one study participant does should not influence what another participant does. They make decisions independently. Independence is critical for a meaningful statistical analysis. Independent Random Assignment: randomly selecting whether a test subject will be in a treatment or control group. Independent Variable: the variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher. Independent Variable Levels: refers to changing the independent variable from one value to another (e.g., different drug doses, different amounts of time). The different values are called levels. Inferential Statistics: applying statistics (math) to infer characteristics of a population based on a representative sample from the population. Internal Validity: an experiment is said to have internal validity if it can accurately determine whether the independent variable produces an effect. Mean: the average calculated by adding up all the scores and then dividing by the number of scores.   Null Hypothesis: the no difference or no effect hypothesis, which predicts the treatment will not have an effect on the subject. The null hypothesis is useful because it is easier to assess with a statistical analysis than other forms of a hypothesis. Null Results (Nonsignificant Results): results that do not disprove the null hypothesis. Null results dont prove the null hypothesis, because the results may have resulted from a lack of power. Some null results are type 2 errors. p 0.05: This is an indication of how often chance alone could account for the effect of the experimental treatment. A value p 0.05 means that 5 times out of a hundred, you could expect this difference between the two groups, purely by chance. Since the chance of the effect occurring by chance is so small, the researcher may conclude the experimental treatment did indeed have an effect. Note other p or probability values are possible. The 0.05 or 5% limit simply is a common benchmark of statistical significance. Placebo (Placebo Treatment):  a  fake treatment that should have no effect, outside of the power of suggestion. Example: In drug trials, test patients may be given a pill containing the drug or a placebo, which resembles the drug (pill, injection, liquid) but doesnt contain the active ingredient. Population: the entire group the researcher is studying. If the researcher cannot gather data from the population, studying large random samples taken from the population may be used to estimate how the population would respond. Power: the ability to observe differences or avoid making Type 2 errors. Random or Randomness: selected or performed without following any pattern or method. To avoid unintentional bias, researchers often use random number generators or flip coins  to make selections. (learn more) Results: the explanation or interpretation of experimental data. Statistical Significance: observation, based on the application of a statistical test, that a relationship probably is not due to pure chance. The probability is stated (e.g., p 0.05) and the results are said to be statistically significant. Simple Experiment: basic experiment designed to assess whether there are a cause and effect relationship or test a prediction. A fundamental simple experiment may have only one test subject, compared with a controlled experiment, which has at least two groups. Single-blind: when either the experimenter or subject is unaware whether the subject is getting the treatment or a placebo. Blinding the researcher helps prevent bias when the results are analyzed. Blinding the subject prevents the participant from having a biased reaction. T-test: common statistical data analysis applied to experimental data to test a hypothesis. The t-test computes the ratio between the difference between the group means and the standard error of the difference (a measure of the likelihood the group means could differ purely by chance). A rule of thumb is that the results are statistically significant if you observe a difference between the values that are three times larger than the standard error of the difference, but its best to look up the ratio required for significance on a t table. Type I Error (Type 1 error): occurs when you reject the null hypothesis, but it was actually true. If you perform the t-test and set p 0.05, there is less than a 5% chance you could make a Type I error by rejecting the hypothesis based on random fluctuations in the data. Type II Error (Type 2 error): occurs when you accept the null hypothesis, but it was actually false. The experimental conditions had an effect, but the researcher failed to find it statistically significant.

Read This Before Applying to an Economics PhD Program

Read This Before Applying to an Economics PhD Program I recently wrote an article about the types of people who shouldnt pursue a Ph.D. in economics. Dont get me wrong, I love economics. Ive spent a majority of my adult life in the pursuit of knowledge in the field studying around the world and even teaching it at the university level. You may love studying economics, too, but a Ph.D. program is an entirely different beast that requires a very specific type of person and student. After my article was published, I received an email from a reader, who just happened to be a potential Ph.D. student.   This readers experience and insights into the economics Ph.D. program application process were so on point that I felt the need to share the insights. For those considering applying to a Ph.D. program in Economics, give this email a read. One Students Experience Applying to an Economics Ph.D. Program Thanks for the graduate school focus in your recent articles.  Three of the challenges you mentioned [in your recent article] really hit home: American students have a comparative disadvantage for selection compared to foreign students.The importance of math cannot be overstated.Reputation is a huge factor, especially that of your undergraduate program. I applied unsuccessfully to Ph.D. programs for two years before conceding that I might not be ready for them. Only one, Vanderbilt, gave me even a wait-list consideration. I was a little embarrassed at being shunned. My mathematics GRE was 780. I had graduated at the top of my class with a 4.0 GPA in my economics major and completed a statistics minor. I had two internships: one in research, one in public policy. And accomplished this all while working 30 hours a week to support me. It was a brutally hard couple of years. The Ph.D. departments I applied to and my undergraduate adviser all pointed out: I attended a small, regional public university, and our professors spent significant time with students to the detriment of their own publishing.Though I took a heavy load of statistics coursework, I only had two terms of calculus.I had never been published; not even in an undergraduate journal.I aimed for highly-ranked schools in the Midwest like Illinois, Indiana, Vanderbilt, Michigan, Wisconsin, Washington University in St. Louis, but neglected schools on the coasts, which might have seen me as a more diverse candidate. I also made what many considered a tactical error: I went to talk with the graduate programs before I applied. I was later told that this is a taboo and seen as schmoozing. I even talked at length with the director of one program. We ended up talking shop for two hours and he invited me to attend presentations and brown bags whenever I was in town. But soon I would learn that he would be ending his tenure to take a position at another college, and would no longer be involved in the approval process for that program. After going through these obstacles, some suggested I prove myself with a Masters Degree in Economics first. I had originally been told that many schools pick top candidates immediately after undergraduate, but this new advice made sense because departments commit considerable resources to their Ph.D. candidates and want to make sure their investment will survive first-year exams. With that path in mind, I found it interesting that so few departments offer a terminal Masters in Economic. Id say about half as many as those that offer only the terminal Ph.D. Fewer still offer an academic Masters - most of these are professional programs. Still, Im glad it gives me a chance to dig deeper into research and see if Im ready for Ph.D. research. My Response   This was such a great letter for many reasons. First, it was genuine. It wasnt a why didnt I get into a Ph.D. program rant, but a personal story told with thoughtful insights. In fact, my experience has been nearly identical, and I would encourage any undergraduate student considering pursuing a Ph.D. in economics to take this readers insights to heart. I, myself,  was in a Masters program (at Queens University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada) before I entered my Ph.D. program. Today, I must admit that I wouldnt have survived three months as a Ph.D. student had I not attempted an MA in Economics first.

The sun also rises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The sun also rises - Essay Example Even though the generation following the war was usually referred to as â€Å"The Lost Generation†, the title of the book and its closing content is quite optimistic. Of course there may be many reasons why Hemingway chose this title and this paper will review his reasons for why he chose it. Jake Barnes, the main character and the narrator of the novel, was a veteran of The World War I, who later worked as a journalist in Paris. This book is a narration of the problems he had faced following the war and how he finally recovered from them. The author probably takes this as the theme behind the title. The initial pages of the book, recounts an injury that had caused many troubles to Jake, one among which included his inability to have sex. This had made Jack feel insecure about his masculinity and that he is less of a man that he was before. The fact that Brett, who was the love of his life, refused to enter into a relationship with Jake because of his impotency had made him feel very unhappy and depressed and had added to his insecurity. In many ways Jake was a typical member of what Gertrude Stein called â€Å"The Lost Generation†, which referred to the generation that experienced the grueling effects of World War 1, and when people had lost their belief in moral ity, faith and justice. The people of the Lost Generation lived an aimless life and spent their time engaged in worthless activities like boozing and dancing. In the early chapters of the book Jake’s character reminds the reader of the people of the Lost Generation, as he spent most of his time in the bar getting drunk. However, in the later chapters of the book and true its title, the sun does begin to shine on Jake. It narrates how Jake learned to find a solution for his problems, and how he no longer considered his impotency as a major issue. One realizes this for the first time when Jake goes out fishing in Burguete with his friend Bill Gorton. There, Jake truly enjoys his

Empirical paper on international finance or open economy Essay

Empirical paper on international finance or open economy macroeconomics - Essay Example A deep and well-supervised financial sector is essential for efficiently intermediating foreign finance into productive investments. It has also been shown to reduce the adverse effects of capital flow volatility. Countries with better institutions attract relatively more foreign direct investments and portfolio equity flows, which are more stable than debt flows, and as a result, the likelihood of promoting indirect benefits. For each of the threshold category, an appropriate and conceptually sound measure was chosen. Financial depth; the proxy used for financial depth is the ratio of private credit to GDP. Also include in the measure of financial depth and development are stock market capitalization sum and credit to the national GDP, the ratio of GDP and institution measures such as creditors’ rights ii. Institution quality; the proxy used to get aggregate institutional quality get derived from a simple average of the six World Bank Governance Indicators (WBGI). The six aspects of institutional quality covered by WBGI are: violence and profit stability; accountability and voice; quality of the regulatory; government effectiveness; the rule of law and control of corruption. iii. Regulation; the proxy used is an index of the rigidity of labor regulations from the International Finance Corporation’s Doing Business Database. The database captures an economy’s ability to adapt to changing business conditions that include financial flows. Since data is only available from 2003, average for each country is used as a fixed regulation variable. iv. Trade openness; the totals of imports and exports of goods and services, expressed as a ratio to GDP is used as the proxy. The measure of policy openness to trade can be defined as the proportion or level of years for which the trade regime/ era is an open one also got included. v. Macro policies; the

Personal Goals :: essays research papers

As a student at the University of Phoenix three personal goals that I want to achieve are, first is to complete my bachelor of science in business management in 2 years. Next is to become a better writer. Throughout junior college, writing has always been my weakest point and with the amount of writing assignments required at University of Phoenix this needs to be one of my top goals. Finally is to complete every course with no less than a B letter grade. With making the decision to return to school and taking on the considerable financial burden, receiving an average grade would be unacceptable to my standards.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While being employed full-time, The University of Phoenix has the rare opportunity for working professionals to finish courses in just 5 weeks. Having such a compressed time schedule for completing degrees will make it possible to complete my bachelor of science in business management in 2 years as long as I do not deviate from the program. I have decided that my number one priority in life is to complete my degree. I do not have other major commitments outside of work that will distract me from my assignments so staying focused on school will be realistic. Though I cannot predict the future, I do not plan on taking any time off during the two years that would result in interrupting my class schedule. With the option of taking CLEP test this will allow me to â€Å"test out† of some of the lower-division courses such as communication arts and humanities. Although this will require additional studying outside of my upper-division courses the CLEP test can hel p eliminate additional courses needed to be taken, so I can stay on track of my 2 year goal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Writing papers has never been my strongest asset throughout school. I always found myself only writing what was required of me but never trying to improve my writing skills on my own time. In junior college the majority of my classes were math and science with a major in Administration of Justice. The only writing that I had to do was case briefs, which was based on legal research, which did not require any creativity, brainstorming and writing skills, just citing the facts and decisions in a proper format. To become a better writer it will take self-discipline and dedication. Because writing is my weakest point, submitting quality papers will require the most amount of my time by doing research and proofreading. Personal Goals :: essays research papers As a student at the University of Phoenix three personal goals that I want to achieve are, first is to complete my bachelor of science in business management in 2 years. Next is to become a better writer. Throughout junior college, writing has always been my weakest point and with the amount of writing assignments required at University of Phoenix this needs to be one of my top goals. Finally is to complete every course with no less than a B letter grade. With making the decision to return to school and taking on the considerable financial burden, receiving an average grade would be unacceptable to my standards.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While being employed full-time, The University of Phoenix has the rare opportunity for working professionals to finish courses in just 5 weeks. Having such a compressed time schedule for completing degrees will make it possible to complete my bachelor of science in business management in 2 years as long as I do not deviate from the program. I have decided that my number one priority in life is to complete my degree. I do not have other major commitments outside of work that will distract me from my assignments so staying focused on school will be realistic. Though I cannot predict the future, I do not plan on taking any time off during the two years that would result in interrupting my class schedule. With the option of taking CLEP test this will allow me to â€Å"test out† of some of the lower-division courses such as communication arts and humanities. Although this will require additional studying outside of my upper-division courses the CLEP test can hel p eliminate additional courses needed to be taken, so I can stay on track of my 2 year goal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Writing papers has never been my strongest asset throughout school. I always found myself only writing what was required of me but never trying to improve my writing skills on my own time. In junior college the majority of my classes were math and science with a major in Administration of Justice. The only writing that I had to do was case briefs, which was based on legal research, which did not require any creativity, brainstorming and writing skills, just citing the facts and decisions in a proper format. To become a better writer it will take self-discipline and dedication. Because writing is my weakest point, submitting quality papers will require the most amount of my time by doing research and proofreading.

Earth Science Essay

Stars are one of the celestial bodies found in the solar system. Such celestial object produces heat, light, and different forms of radiations such as x-rays and ultraviolet rays caused by its cosmic energy engines. All stars are made up of gas, plasma, and matters comprised of subatomic particles that are extremely heated. From the earth, it may appear that stars are near because of their radiance shining over. However, stars are very far away that most of the scientists have to develop methods in order to calculate their distance. Two of the most notable methods are the parallax technique and the use of Cepheid variable (National Geographic, 2008). The parallax technique is used in order to identify the distance of the stars that are closest to the earth. Due to the revolution of the earth to the sun, the stars that are near to the earth shifts position against the stars that are in farther positions. These changes in the position of the nearby stars are known as the parallax shift. The parallax method functions by observing the distance of the shifting process and determining the earth’s orbit diameter. From there, astronomers are able to determine the parallax angle of the star’s distance. The main principle behind the method is that â€Å"the smaller the parallax shift, the farther away the star is from the earth† (Windows to the Universe Team, 2000, n. p. ). Such method is only applicable for stars that are within the range of few hundred light years from earth. Thus, when stars exceed the given range, the parallax shift could be too small to be measured through this technique (Windows to the Universe Team, 2000). For the countless distant stars that are in the range beyond 100 light years and are in clusters found in a different galaxy, the measurement is identified through the star’s property known as Cepheid variable. Stars that have this property undergo a fixed cycle where they get brighter and dimmer. This property is common among stars that are in â€Å"old age† (Berger, 2002, n. p. ). Because of their abundance in space, astronomers measure their distance by determining the number of cycle when stars are bright (Berger, 2002). There are many ways to measure the distance of the stars. It may be obtained from the stars spectral properties, temperature, brightness, and luminosity. Because of the major efforts in improving the measurements of the distances of the stars, various ways are also formulated in order to determine the cosmic distance of other celestial bodies present in the sky. References Berger, W. H. (2002). Measuring distance to the stars. In Intro to Astronomy: Discussion of the Field of Astronomy, University of California, San Diego. Retrieved September 17, 2008 from http://earthguide. ucsd. edu/virtualmuseum/ita/06_3. shtml. National Geographic. (2008). Stars. Retrieved September 17, 2008 from http://science. nationalgeographic. com/science/space/universe/stars-article. html Windows to the Universe Team. (2000, September). How do astronomers measure the distance to stars? Is it accurate? University Corporation For Atmospheric Research. Retrieved September 17, 2008 from http://www. windows. ucar. edu/tour/link=/kids_space/star_dist. html.

Facts on the Russo-Japanese War

The Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 pitted expansionist Russia against up-and-coming Japan. Russia sought warm-water ports and control of Manchuria, while Japan opposed them. Japan emerged as a naval power and Admiral Togo Heihachiro achieved international fame. Russia lost two of its three naval fleets. Snapshot of the Russo-Japanese War: When: February 8, 1904, to September 5, 1905Where: The Yellow Sea, Manchuria, the Korean PeninsulaWho: The Russian Empire, ruled by Tsar Nicholas II, versus the Japanese Empire, ruled by the Meiji Emperor Total Troop Deployment: Russia - approx. 2,000,000Japan - 400,000 Who won the Russo-Japanese War? Amazingly, the Japanese Empire defeated the Russian Empire, thanks mostly to superior naval strength and tactics. It was a negotiated peace, rather than a complete or crushing victory, but hugely important for Japans rising status in the world. Total Deaths: In battle - Russian, approx. 38,000; Japanese, 58,257.From disease - Russian, 18,830; Japanese, 21,802. (Source: Patrick W. Kelley, Military Preventive Medicine: Mobilization and Deployment, 2004) Major Events and Turning Points: Battle of Port Arthur, Feb. 8 - 9, 1904: This opening battle was fought by Japanese Admiral Togo Heihachiro against Russian Vice Admiral  Oskar Victorovich Stark in a surprise night attack by the Japanese. While the battle was largely inconclusive, it resulted in a formal declaration of war between Russia and Japan on the day after the battle.Battle of Yalu River, April 30 - May 1, 1904Siege of Port Arthur, July 30 - January 2, 1905Battle of the Yellow Sea, August 10, 1904Battle of Sandepu, January 25 - 29, 1905Battle of Mukden, February 20 - March 10, 1905Battle of Tsushima, May 27 -28, 1905: Admiral Togo destroyed a fleet of Russian ships, ambushing them on their way through the Tsushima Strait on their way to Vladivostok. After this victory, Russias prestige was damaged and they sued for peace.Treaty of Portsmouth, September 5, 1905, formally ended the Russo-Japanese. Signed at Portsmouth, Maine, USA. Theodore Roosevelt earned the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating the treaty. Significance of the Russo-Japanese War The Russo-Japanese War held great international significance, as it was the first all-out war of the modern era in which a non-European power defeated one of Europes great powers. As a result, the Russian Empire and Tsar Nicholas II lost considerable prestige, along with two of their three naval fleets. Popular outrage in Russia at the outcome helped lead to the Russian Revolution of 1905, a wave of unrest that lasted more than two years but did not manage to topple the tsars government. For the Japanese Empire, of course, victory in the Russo-Japanese War cemented its place as an up-and-coming great power, particularly since it came on the heels of Japans victory in the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95. Nonetheless, public opinion in Japan was none too favorable. The Treaty of Portsmouth did not grant Japan either the territory or the monetary reparations that the Japanese people expected after their significant investment of energy and blood in the war.